compatible Micro-organisms 

As an actor of the innate immunity, the ApoH protein is able to interact with a wide range of non-self elements, including viruses and bacteria.

However, one must bear in mind that ApoH has increased affinity towards infectious micro-organisms. It is then highly recommended to inactivate viruses only after their contact with ApoH and to avoid the use of bacteria having lost their virulence, such as some collection bacteria which induce limited capture yields. Likewise, a poorly stored sample can cause damage of micro-organism surface, so inhibiting ApoH interaction.

Bacteria

The sensitivity of our bacteria capture kit CaptoBAC makes it possible to work directly on the sample without needing long culture pre-enrichment like with hemocultures.

Test with S.aureus spiked in EDTA blood revealed a 1 CFU / 5 mL limit of detection. Such sensitivity is the key to saving considerable time, which in turn leads to better infection management.

Non-exhaustive list of bacteria (and fungi) able to interact with ApoH or Peps6

 

Acinetobacter baumannii

Corynebacterium sp.

Mycobacterium abscessus

Salmonella typhimurium

Acinetobacter lwoffii

Corynebacterium xerosis

Mycobacterium chelonae

Serratia marcescens

Acinetobacter sp.

Enterobacter aerogenes

Neisseria cinerea

Sphingomonas paucimobilis

Bacillus cereus

Enterobacter cloacae

Nocardia farcinica

Staphylococcus aureus

Bacillus sp.

Enterococcus faecalis

Ocrobactrum anthropi

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Bacillus subtilis

Enterococcus faecium

Parabacteroides distasonis

Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Bacteroïdes fragilis

Enterococcus gallinarum

Porphyromonas endodontalis

Staphylococcus hominis

Bacteroides ureolyticus 

Escherichia coli

Propionibacterium acnes

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Campylobacter fetus

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Proteus mirabilis

Streptococcus agalactiae

Candida albicans

Fusobacterium sp.

Proteus vulgaris

Streptococcus bovis

Capnocytophaga canimosus

Klebsiella oxytoca

Providencia stuartii

Streptococcus D group

Chlamydia trachomatis

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Streptococcus mitis

Citrobacter freundi

Legionella pneumophila

Pseudomonas sp.

Streptococcus parasanguinis

Citrobacter koseri

Listeria sp.

Pseudomonas stutzeri

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Clostridium difficile

Micrococcus luteus

Salmonella arizonae

Streptococcus pyogenes

Clostridium perfringens

Micrococcus sp.

Salmonella enteritidis

Tropheryma whipplei

Corynebacterium ammoniagenes

Mycobacter sp.

Salmonella sp.

Vibrio cholerae

 

A good number of the above-mentioned bacteria came from hemocultures.

Indeed, the ApoH-treatment of 156 hemocultures led to tracing and resolving 13.6% of «false negative» cases. These results can be explained by the use of higher sample volume for the bacteria detection, thanks to the concentration capabilities of ApoH beads, and also by the removal of PCR inhibitors after washing the ApoH-bound bacteria.

Viruses

Multiple collaborations have allowed us to validate the viral capture kit CaptoVIR on many viruses, including ones from the European USDEP project (Ultra Sensitive Detection of Emergent Pathogens). This method has shown great efficiency on enveloped and non-enveloped DNA or RNA viruses.

Non-exhausive list of viruses able to interact with ApoH or Peps6

 

Human viruses

Animal or plant viruses

DNA Viruses

RNA viruses

Adenovirus

VIH

Porcine Parvovirus  PPV

Epstein-Barr Herpès HHV-4

Pseudorabies virus

Rotavirus, Mammalian

orthoreovirus 3

Salmon infectious Pancreatic Necrosis IPNV

Infectious Salmon Anemia ISAV

Hepatitis B

Hantavirus

Herpes Oyster virus: OsHV-1

Orthopox

Vaccinia, Callpox

Flu: H1N1, H3N2, H3N3,

Yamagata-like (Florida),

Victoria-like (Malaysia)

Aphtovirus: Foot and Mouth Disease

FMD A5, O1, C, Asia, Sat1, Sat2, Sat3

Enterovirus: picornavirus, swine vesicular disease

Endogenous retroviruses

HERV-K, HERV-W, MSRV

Dengue, Hepatitis C, West Nile, Yellow fever

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)

Blue-ear pig disease

 

Norovirus

Murine-Monkey Norovirus MNV, Tulane

 

Ebola

Marburg

Vesicular stomatitis Rabdhovirus

New Jersey, Indiana1

 

Lassa

Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus

 

Human respiratory syncytial virus

Grapevine leafroll-associated Baculovirus

GRLaV-1 and 3

 

 

Pseudorabies virus

 

 

Bluetongue Reovirus 2 and 8